Pembangunan, Proyek Strategis Nasional, dan Tata Demokrasi Indonesia: Antara Imperatif Pertumbuhan dan Integritas Prosedural
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Aug 1, 2026
Keywords:
Sosiologi politik, Demokrasi substantif, Konflik agraria, Partisipasi publik, Proyek Strategis Nasional
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Pembangunan, PSN dan Tata Demokrasi Indonesia
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Abstract
Artikel ini mengkaji relasi antara Proyek Strategis Nasional (PSN) sebagai instrumen pembangunan negara dan kualitas tata demokrasi Indonesia melalui pendekatan sosiologi politik dan perspektif analisis sosial kritis. Percepatan pelaksanaan PSN yang bertumpu pada besarnya kewenangan eksekutif memperlihatkan tegangan struktural antara imperatif pertumbuhan ekonomi dan prinsip-prinsip demokrasi substantif, terutama dalam dimensi partisipasi publik, transparansi, akuntabilitas, dan perlindungan hak-hak komunitas lokal. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa pelaksanaan PSN cenderung memperkuat orientasi pembangunan yang mengutamakan percepatan pertumbuhan, tetapi pada saat yang sama menghasilkan persoalan demokrasi berupa konflik agraria, pemindahan paksa, marginalisasi masyarakat adat, pelemahan ruang sipil, serta keterbatasan partisipasi publik dalam proses pembangunan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan paradigma konstruktivis dan dilaksanakan di wilayah terdampak PSN di Jawa Timur dan Kepulauan Riau pada Januari–Juni 2025. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan pejabat pemerintah, aktivis masyarakat sipil, dan komunitas terdampak, observasi non-partisipatif, serta studi dokumen. Keabsahan data diperkuat melalui triangulasi, sedangkan analisis dilakukan menggunakan koding terbuka dan analisis tematik secara iteratif.
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Machfud Fauzi, A. ., Handoyo, P. ., Mudzakkir, M. ., Kartika Hanindraputri, E. ., Ridwan, A. ., & Dwi Permata Indah, P. . (2026). Pembangunan, Proyek Strategis Nasional, dan Tata Demokrasi Indonesia: Antara Imperatif Pertumbuhan dan Integritas Prosedural. Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Sosiologi (PKNS), 3(1), 92–105. Retrieved from https://www.pkns.portalapssi.id/index.php/pkns/article/view/192
References
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Nisak, Af'idatun. 2022. Politics of Infrastructure Governance (Case Study of Roads in Mijen Semarang City 2016–2018). (ReLae: Requisitoire Law Enforcement. Januari 2022: Vol. 13 edisi 2). Semarang, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo. Diakses pada https://ejournal.cria.or.id/index.php/relae/article/view/82
Ramandei, Lazarus, & Roland,Everson, Binur. 2020. Public Participation in the Village Infrastructure Development Process, Case Study: Program PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan in the Village Ambora Jayapura. (International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies. September 2020: Vol. 22 edisi 02). Jayapura, University of Cenderawasih. Diakses pada http://ijpsat.ijsht-journals.org/index.php/ijpsat/article/view/2140.
Santosa, Marga, Adi, Suharto, & Trinas, Dewi, Hariyana. 2022. Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Ganti Rugi Hak Atas Tanah Oleh Proyek Strategis Nasional (Studi Putusan Perkara Nomor 61/Pdt.G/2016/PN.Gsk). (Jurnal Fundamental Justice. September 2022: Vol. 03 edisi 02). Mataram, Program Studi Ilmu Hukum Universitas Bumigora. Diakses pada https://journal.universitasbumigora.ac.id/index.php/fundamental/article/view/2376.
Serikova, Amir, Henry, Clifford, & Muhammad, Faiz. 2025. The Fault Lines of Modernity: A Mixed-Methods Autopsy of State Power, Social Resistance, and Identity Dialectics in Indonesia's New Capital Project. (Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences. September 2025: Vol. 08 edisi 04). Jakarta, HM Publisher. Diakses pada https://journalsocialsciences.com/index.php/oaijss/article/view/295
Simon, Triono, Eddy, & Ramlan. 2025. The Urgency of Regulating Elements of Community Participation in the Toll Road Investment Process in Indonesia. (Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum. Februari 2025: Vol. 24 edisi 01). Pekalongan, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pekalongan. Diakses pada https://jurnal.unikal.ac.id/index.php/hukum/article/view/5984.
Barbehön, Marlon. 2020. Reclaiming Constructivism: Towards an Interpretive Reading of the "Social Construction Framework". (Policy Sciences. Maret 2020. Vol. 53 edisi 1). Dordrecht, Springer Science and Business Media B.V. Diakses pada https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11077-020-09370-7.
alitha, Tessa. 2024. Beyond a "Space of Exception": The Multi-Scalar Politics of Megaproject Development in Indonesia. (PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield, Januari 2024). Sheffield, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, University of Sheffield. Diakses pada https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/34108/
Burns, Margie, Jill, Bally, Meridith, Burles, Lorraine, Holtslander, & Shelley, Peacock. 2022. Constructivist Grounded Theory or Interpretive Phenomenology? Methodological Choices Within Specific Study Contexts. (The International Journal of Qualitative Methods. Januari–Desember 2022. Vol. 21). Thousand Oaks, SAGE Publications. Diakses pada https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/16094069221077758
Charmaz, Kathy. 2020. "With Constructivist Grounded Theory You Can't Hide": Social Justice Research and Critical Inquiry in the Public Sphere. (Qualitative Inquiry. Februari 2020. Vol. 26 edisi 2). Thousand Oaks, SAGE Publications. Diakses pada https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1077800419879088.
Cahyadi, Rusli. 2020. Social Justice and Planning Policy: The Provision of Sewerage Infrastructure in Jakarta, Indonesia. (Doctoral Thesis, The University of Queensland). Brisbane, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland. Diakses pada https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:9e58691
Indriana, Dewi, & Alyaa, Nabiilah, Zuhroh. 2024. Civic Space Under Pressure: The Challenges Posed by National Strategic Projects on Human Rights Cities in Indonesia. (Journal of Democracy and Human Rights. Desember 2024. Vol. 24 edisi 4). Gwangju, May 18 Research Institute, Chonnam National University. Diakses pada https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/landing/article.kci?arti_id=ART003158865
Elrika, Elrika, & Benny, Djaja. 2025. Legal Review of Land Acquisition from Indigenous Peoples in the Nusantara Capital City (IKN) Project. (Academia Open. Desember 2025. Vol. 10 edisi 2). Sidoarjo, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo. Diakses pada https://acopen.umsida.ac.id/index.php/acopen/article/view/12935.
Verico, Kiki, Heru Wibowo, & M., Halley, Yudhistira. 2023. Infrastructure for Inclusive Economic Development Volume 2: Case Studies of Accelerated Projects. Jakarta: Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA).
Hadamean, Join, Sarwono, Hardjomuljadi, Sami’an, Sami’an, & Ganis, Vitayanty Noor. 2025. Kewenangan Konstitusional Pemerintah dalam Pelaksanaan Proyek Strategis Nasional. (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia. Desember 2025: Vol. 06 edisi 12). Jakarta, Publikasi Indonesia. Diakses pada https://japendi.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/japendi/article/view/9065,
Hartanto, Holy Regina, Ariesta, Bramantyo, Syatya, Putra, Rabbayani, Daniswara, & Nailah, Fiorenza, Fitriyah. 2025. Navigating Land Conflicts: Indigenous Rights in the Shadow of Ibu Kota Nusantara. (Jurnal Penataan Ruang. November 2025: Vol. 20 edisi 2). Surabaya, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS). Diakses pada https://journal.its.ac.id/index.php/jpr/article/view/8831
Maringka, V. A., Djaja, B., & Sudirman, M. (2025). Masyarakat adat dan hak konstitusional atas tanah di era Ibu Kota Baru (IKN). Deposisi, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.59581/deposisi.v3i2.5086
Marzuki, Suparman, Despan,Heryansyah, & Sahid, Hadi. 2024. Neglecting Laws and Rights of Local Communities: A Human Rights-Based Approach Analysis of the Development of Indonesia's New Capital City. (Brawijaya Law Journal: Journal of Legal Studies. Oktober 2024: Vol. 11 edisi 2). Malang, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya. Diakses pada https://lawjournal.ub.ac.id/index.php/law/article/view/8831.
Mustafa, Ilham, Suhadi, & Irawaty. 2025. Legal-Political Analysis of Indigenous Relocation in Rempang: Between Agrarian Justice and the Shadow of Colonial Land Doctrine. (Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities. September 2025: Vol. 05 edisi 06). Jakarta, Dinasti Research. Diakses pada https://dinastires.org/JLPH/article/view/2326
Pattra, Lerri, Nurhasan, Ismail, & Richo, Andi,Wibowo. 2025. National Strategic Projects and Compensation Issues in Land Acquisition in Indonesia: A Justice Theory Perspective. (Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan. Maret 2025: Vol. 14 edisi 1). Jakarta, Pusat Strategi Kebijakan Hukum dan Peradilan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. Diakses pada https://www.jurnalhukumdanperadilan.org/jurnalhukumperadilan/article/view/1126.
biyan, Muhammad, Ahmad, Said, Siti, Ridho, & Budi, Arief, Putra. 2025. National Strategic Projects that are not Strategic for Small Communities: A Critical Discourse Analysis on Tempo.co and Kompas.com. (Jurnal Communio: Jurnal Jurusan Ilmu Komunikasi. 2025: Vol. 14 edisi 1). Kupang, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Nusa Cendana. Diakses pada https://ejurnal.undana.ac.id/index.php/JPJIK.
Nugroho, Ramadhany, & Erna, Setijaningrum. 2023. Indonesia's New Capital: An Analysis of Transparency, Public Participation, and Deliberative Democracy. (Journal of Namibian Studies: History Politics Culture. Juli 2023: Vol. 35 edisi Regular Issue). Windhoek, University of Namibia. Diakses pada https://namibian-studies.com/index.php/JNS/article/view/3904
Nisak, Af'idatun. 2022. Politics of Infrastructure Governance (Case Study of Roads in Mijen Semarang City 2016–2018). (ReLae: Requisitoire Law Enforcement. Januari 2022: Vol. 13 edisi 2). Semarang, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo. Diakses pada https://ejournal.cria.or.id/index.php/relae/article/view/82
Ramandei, Lazarus, & Roland,Everson, Binur. 2020. Public Participation in the Village Infrastructure Development Process, Case Study: Program PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan in the Village Ambora Jayapura. (International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies. September 2020: Vol. 22 edisi 02). Jayapura, University of Cenderawasih. Diakses pada http://ijpsat.ijsht-journals.org/index.php/ijpsat/article/view/2140.
Santosa, Marga, Adi, Suharto, & Trinas, Dewi, Hariyana. 2022. Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Ganti Rugi Hak Atas Tanah Oleh Proyek Strategis Nasional (Studi Putusan Perkara Nomor 61/Pdt.G/2016/PN.Gsk). (Jurnal Fundamental Justice. September 2022: Vol. 03 edisi 02). Mataram, Program Studi Ilmu Hukum Universitas Bumigora. Diakses pada https://journal.universitasbumigora.ac.id/index.php/fundamental/article/view/2376.
Serikova, Amir, Henry, Clifford, & Muhammad, Faiz. 2025. The Fault Lines of Modernity: A Mixed-Methods Autopsy of State Power, Social Resistance, and Identity Dialectics in Indonesia's New Capital Project. (Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences. September 2025: Vol. 08 edisi 04). Jakarta, HM Publisher. Diakses pada https://journalsocialsciences.com/index.php/oaijss/article/view/295
Simon, Triono, Eddy, & Ramlan. 2025. The Urgency of Regulating Elements of Community Participation in the Toll Road Investment Process in Indonesia. (Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum. Februari 2025: Vol. 24 edisi 01). Pekalongan, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pekalongan. Diakses pada https://jurnal.unikal.ac.id/index.php/hukum/article/view/5984.
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