CIVILIZATION AND AGRICULTURE IN TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH: AN OVERVIEW
Main Article Content
Abstract
This literature review outlines transdisciplinary challenges to expand sociological research, including agriculture of rice landrace and human civilization. As various disciplines offer in this article, rice cultivation is a human activity that prioritizes the growth and development of rice in a specific area to obtain a more stable food supply than gathering wild plants. Sociologists use a variety of photos and videos, also texts as digital data related to agriculture. Transdisciplinary methods enable scientists and the public to collaborate in computer science, design, politics, urban geography, and other disciplines. Digital communication and information technology currently influence how conservation is carried out to achieve sustainable life on Earth. One form of conservation development in cyberspace (digital) is conservation practice using a transdisciplinary approach with computer and internet devices.
Article Details
Ajwang’ Ondiek R, Kitaka N, Omondi Oduor S. 2016. Assessment of provisioning and cultural ecosystem services in natural wetlands and rice fields in Kano floodplain, Kenya. (Ecosyst Serv. Vol. 21).
Almekinders CJM, Louwaars NP, Bruijn GH de. 1994. Local seed systems and their importance for an improved seed supply in developing countries. (Euphytica. Vol. 78).
Álvarez-Romero JG, Mills M, Adams VM, Gurney GG, Pressey RL, Weeks R, Ban NC, Cheok J, Davies TE, Day JC, et al. 2018. Research advances and gaps in marine planning: Towards a global database in systematic conservation planning. (Biol Conserv. Vol. 227).
Anggraeni, Simanjuntak T, Bellwood P, Piper P. 2014. Neolithic foundations in the Karama valley, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. (Antiquity Vol. 88 issue 341).
Anhar A. 2013. Explorasi dan mutu beras genotip padi merah di kabupaten Pasaman Barat Sumatera Barat. In Semirata FMIPA Unila. Universitas Lampung. Page 97–101. Diakses pada 27 Januari 2021 di https://jurnal.fmipa.unila.ac.id/semirata/article/view/657/477.
Barve V. 2014. Discovering and developing primary biodiversity data from social networking sites: A novel approach. (Ecol Inform. Vol. 24).
Berno T, Dentice G, Wisansing JJ. 2019. Kin kao laew reu young (‘Have you eaten rice yet’)?: A New Perspective on Food and Tourism in Thailand. In Park E, Kim S, Yeoman I, editor. Food Tourism in Asia. Perspectives on Asian Tourism. Singapore; Springer. hlm 17–20.
Bieshaar W. 1926. 1901-1926: De gereformeerde zendingsbond na 25 Jaren. Den Haag; S. S. Korthuis. Diakses pada 1 Mei 2021 di https://ia600900.us.archive.org/34/items/ MN41458ucmf_0/MN41458ucmf_0.pdf.
Blades M. 2013. Nutrition for patients treated for cancer. (Nutr Food Sci. Vol. 43 issue 3).
Bogaerts, Els. 2017. Mediating the local: Representing Javanese cultures on local television in Indonesia. (Journal of Southeast Asian Studies Vol. 48 issue 2).
Bombaci SP, Farr CM, Gallo HT, Mangan AM, Stinson LT, Kuashik M, Pejchar L. 2015. Using Twitter to communicate conservation science from a professional conference. (Conserv Biol. Vol. 30 issue 1).
Bray F. 2019. Health, wealth, and solidity. Rice as self in Japan and Malaysia. In Leung AKC, Caldwell ML, editor. Moral Foods. The Construction of Nutrition and Health in Modern Asia. Honolulu; University of Hawai’i Press. hlm 23–46.
Bromham, Lindell, Dinnage R, Skirgård H, et al. Global predictors of language endangerment and the future of linguistic diversity. (Nature Ecology & Evolution Vol. 6).
Browne M, Goncalo L, Ximenes A, Lopes M, Erskine W. 2017. Do rituals serve as a brake on innovation in staple food cropping in Timor-Leste. (Food Sec. Vol. 9 issue 3).
Brush, Stephen B. 1991. A Farmer-based approach to conserving crop germplasm. (Economic Botany Vol. 45).
Bulbeck D, Pasqua M, Lello A di. 2000. Culture history of the Toalean of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. (Asian Perspect. Vol. 39 issue 1/2).
Bulbeck D, Caldwell I. 2008. Oryza Sativa and the origins of kingdoms in South Sulawesi, Indonesia: Evidence from rice husk phytoliths. (Indones Malay World. Vol. 36 issue 104).
Bulbeck D. 2008. An archaeological perspective on the diversification of the languages of the South Sulawesi stock. In Simanjuntak T, editor. Austronesian in Sulawesi. Depok; Center for Prehistoric and Austronesian Studies. hlm 185–212.
Bulbeck D. 2021. Divided in space, united in time: The Holocene prehistory of South Sulawesi. In Keates SG, Pasveer JM, editor. Quaternary Research in Indonesia. London; CRC Press. hlm 126–166.
Burivalova Z, Butler RA, Wilcove DS. 2018. Analyzing Google search data to debunk myths about the public’s interest in conservation. (Front Ecol Environ. Vol. 16 issue 9).
Cabanting RMF, Perez LM. 2016. An ethnobotanical study of traditional rice landraces (Oryza sativa L.) used for medical treatment in selected local communities of the Philippines. (J Ethnopharmacol. 194).
Callahan MM, Echeverri A, Ng D, Zhao J, Satterfield T. 2019. Using the Phylo Card Game to advance biodiversity conservation in an era of Pokémon. (Palgrave Commun. Vol. 5 issue 1).
Castagnetti F, Bhatta J, Greene A. 2021. An offering of grain: The agricultural and spiritual cycle of a food system in the Kailash sacred landscape, Darchula, Far Western Nepal. (Front Sustain Food Syst. Vol. 5).
Castillo CC, Polkinghorne M, Vincent B, Suy TB, Fuller DQ. 2018. Life goes on: Archaeobotanical investigations of diet and ritual at Angkor Thom, Cambodia (14th–15th centuries CE). (The Holocene Vol. 28 issue 6).
Castillo CC. 2019. Preservation bias: is rice overrepresented in the archaeological record? (Archaeol Anthropol Sci. Vol. 11).
Castillo CC, Carter A, Kingwell-Banham E, Zhuang Y, Weisskopf A, Chhay R, Heng P, Fuller DQ, Stark M. 2020. The Khmer did not live by rice alone: Archaeobotanical investigations at Angkor Wat and Ta Prohm. (Archaeological Res Asia. Vol. 24).
Chang T-T. 1976. The origin, evolution, cultivation, dissemination, and diversification of Asian and African rices. (Euphytica Vol. 25 issue 1).
Chaudhary P, Gauchan D, Rana RB, Jarvis BR, Sthapit DI. 2001. Genetic erosion in local rice diversity: Evidence from the Tarai, Nepal. In Sthapit BR, Upadhyay MP, Baniya BK, Subedi A, Joshi BK, editor. On-Farm Management of Agricultural Biodiversity in Nepal. Lumle, Nepal; NARC, LI-BIRD and IPGRI. hlm 277–283. Diakses pada 10 Mei 2021 di https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bal-Joshi/publication/348116250_On-farm_management_of_agricultural_biodiversity_in_Nepal/links/5fef3fca45851553a00d592f/On-farm-management-of-agricultural-biodiversity-in-Nepal.pdf#page=288.
Cifor TC for IFR. 2021. Ada apa dengan pangan liar dan diet?. Diakses pada 11 Desember 2021 di https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/forests-news/74944.
Correia RA, Ladle R, Jarić I, Malhado ACM, Mittermeier JC, Roll U, Soriano-Redondo A, Veríssimo D, Fink C, Hausmann A, et al. 2021a. Digital data sources and methods for conservation culturomics. (Conserv Biol. Vol. 35 issue 2).
Correia, RA, Ladle, R., Jarić, I., Malhado, A. C., Mittermeier, J. C., Roll, U.,... and Di Minin, E. 2021b. Digital data sources and methods for conservation culturomics. (Conservation Biology. Vol. 35 issue 2).
Crawford GW, Shen C. 1998. The origins of rice agriculture: Recent progress in East Asia. (Antiquity Vol. 72 issue 278).
Crystal E. 1989. Myth, symbol and function of the Toraja house. (Tradit Dwellings Settlements Rev. Vol. 1 issue 1).
Dabrowski V, Bouchaud C, Tengberg M, Mouton M. 2021. Crop processing, consumption and trade of Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Arabian Peninsula during Antiquity: Earliest evidence from Mleiha (third c. AD), United Arab Emirates. (Archaeol Anthropol Sci. Vol. 13 issue 34).
Dendup C, Dorji S, Tshomo S, Tshering L. 2021. Impact of improved rice variety on productivity and crop diversity: A case of Singye Gewog (Block) in Sarpang District of Southern Bhutan. (Asian J Agric Extension, Econ Sociol. Vol. 39 issue 1). Diakses 11 September 2021 di publication/349547733_Impact_of_Improved_Rice_Variety_on_Productivity_and_Crop_Diversity_A_Case_of_Singye_Gewog_Block_in_Sarpang_District_of_Southern_Bhutan/links/6035cacc4585158939c5a943/Impact-of-Impro.
Deng, Z, Hung H, Carson MT, Oktaviana AA, Hakim B, Simanjuntak T. 2020. Validating earliest rice farming in the Indonesian archipelago. (Sci Rep. Vol. 10).
Dewar RE, Wright HT. 1993. The Culture History of Madagascar. (J World Prehistory Vol. 7 issue 4).
Dogara AM, Jumare AI. 2014. Origin, distribution and heading date in cultivated rice. (Int J Plant Biol Res. Vol. 2 issue 1). Diakses pada 11 Desember 2021 di https://www.jscimedcentral.com/ PlantBiology/plantbiology-2-1008.pdf.
Duli A. 2015. Typology and chronology of erong wooden coffins in Tana Toraja, South Celebes. (Time Mind. Vol. 8 issue 1).
Edwards A, Housley W, Williams Matthew, Sloan L, Williams Malcolm. 2013. Digital social research, social media and the sociological imagination: Surrogacy, augmentation and re-orientation. (Int J Soc Res Methodol. Vol. 16 issue 3).
Fink, C., Hausmann, A., and Di Minin, E. 2020. Online sentiment towards iconic species. (Biological Conservation. Vol. 241).
Fink C, Toivonen T, Correia RA, Di Minin E. 2021. Mapping the online songbird trade in Indonesia. (SocArXiv. Vol. 134).
Fink C. 2021. Digital conservation. Novel methods and online data to address the biodiversity crisis. University of Helsinki. Diakses pada 1 Mei 2022 di http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-51-6583-1.
Fletcher R. 2017. Gaming conservation: Nature 2.0 confronts nature-deficit disorder. (Geoforum Vol. 79).
Fuller, DQ. 2007. Contrasting patterns in crop domestication and domestication rates: Recent archaeobotanical insights from the old world. (Ann Bot. Vol. 100 issue 5).
Fuller DQ, Sato YI, Castillo C, Qin L, Weisskopf AR, Kingwell-Banham EJ, Song J, Ahn SM, van Etten J. 2010. Consilience of genetics and archaeobotany in the entangled history of rice. (Archaeol Anthr Sci. Vol. 2 issue 2).
Fuller DQ, Castillo C. 2016. Diversification and cultural construction of a crop: The case of glutinous rice and waxy cereals in the food cultures of Eastern Asia. In Lee-Thorp J, Anne Katzenberg M, editor. The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Diet. Oxford; Oxford University Press.
Gharibzahedi SMT. 2018. Favorite and traditional rice flour-based puddings, breads, and pastries in the north of Iran: A review. (J Ethn Foods. Vol. 5 issue 2).
Ghimere R, Wen-chi H, Shrestha RB. 2015. Factors affecting adoption of improved rice varieties among rural farm households in central Nepal. (Rice Sci. Vol. 22 issue 1).
Gorenfloa LJ, Romaine S, Mittermeier RA, Walker-Painemilla K. 2012. Co-occurrence of linguistic and biological diversity in biodiversity hotspots and high biodiversity wilderness areas. In PNAS. National Academy of Sciences. Page 8032–8037.
Greenland DJ. 1997. The Sustainability of Rice Farming. Wallingford Oxon; CAB International.
Guillaud D. 2015. Le vivrier et le sacré. Systèmes agricoles, rituels et territoires dans l’Est indonésien et à Timor-Leste (Food production and sacredness: Farming systems, land and their ritual management in eastern Indonesia and Timor-Leste). (Archipel. Vol. 90).
Chandio AA, Yuansheng J. 2018. Determinants of adoption of improved rice varieties in North Sindh, Pakistan. (Rice Sci. Vol. 25 issue 2).
Harahap N, Lubis HS, Siahaan J, Hasibuan AL, Nasution LY. 2021. Tambar ni hulit: An ancient medical manuscript in North Sumatera: Local wisdom-based medicines with potential to be developed as Indonesian medicine. (Linguist Cult Rev. Vol. 5 issue S3).
Harris D, Fuller D. 2014. Agriculture: definition and overview. In Smith C, editor. Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. New York; Springer. Page 104–113.
Hayes P, Stucker R, Wandrey G. 1989. The domestication of American wild rice (Zizania palustris, Poaceae). (Econ Bot. Vol. 43 issue 2).
Hernández-Forte I, Pérez-Pérez R, Taulé-Gregorio CB, Fabiano-González E, Battistoni-Urrutia F, Nápoles-García MC. 2022. New bacteria genera associated with rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Cuba promote the crop growth. (Agron Mesoam. Vol. 33 issue 2).
Hidayat RA, Partasasmita R, Iskandar J, Gunawan B. 2020. Changes in paddy field management in Sindang Hamlet, Rancakalong Village, Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia. (Biodiversitas. Vol. 21 issue 1).
Huggan RD. 1995. Co-evolution of rice and humans. GeoJournal. Vol. 35 issue 3).
Huntley J, Aubert M, Oktaviana AA, Lebe R, Hakim B, Burhan B, Muhammad l. A, Geria IM, Ramli M, Siagian L, et al. 2021. The effects of climate change on the Pleistocene rock art of Sulawesi. (Sci Rep. Vol. 11 issue 9833).
Iskandar J. 2004. Mengkaji kearifan ekologi komunitas Baduy dalam menghadapi kekeringan. (Sosiohumaniora J Soc Sci Humanit. Vol. 6 issue 2).
Jákl J. 2015. Bhoma’s kitchen: Food culture and food symbolism in pre-Islamic Java. (Glob Food Hist. Vol. 1 issue 1).
Jarić I, Bellard C, Correia R, Courchamp F, Douda K, Essl F, Jeschke J, Kalinkat G, Kalous L, Jarić I, et al. 2021. Invasion Culturomics and iEcology. (Conservation Biodiversity Vol. 35, issue 2).
Jarić I, Roll U, Bonaiuto M, Brook BW, Courchamp F, Firth JA, Gaston KG, Heger T, Jeschke JM, Ladle RJ, et al. 2022. Societal extinction of species. (Trends Ecol Evol. Vol. 37 issue 5).
Jordaan, RE. 1997. Tārā and Nyai Lara Kidul: Images of the divine feminine in Java. (Asian Folkl Stud. Vol. 56 issue 2).
Kammen D. 2011. Sovereignty and food politics in East Timor. (Kasarinlan Philipp J Third World Stud. Vol. 26 issue 1–2).
Kays R, McShea WJ, Wikelski M. 2020. Born-digital biodiversity data: Millions and billions. (Divers Distrib. Vol. 26 issue 5).
Keling 93. 2021. Memasak di hutan: Cara unik memasak Nasi Dengan kantong semar cooking rice with Nepenthes. Diakses pada 7 September2021 di https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tkSbGj1HLQY.
Kepirianto C, Mariam S, Purnomo VF. 2021. Food offering culture at Chinese rituals in Semarang Chinatown coastal community. In Soeprobowati TR, Warsito B, Putranto
T, editor. E3S Web of Conferences. Semarang; EDP Sciences - Web of Conferences.
Kessler SH, Schäfer MS, Johann D, Rauhut H. 2022. Mapping mental models of science communication: How academics in Germany, Austria and Switzerland understand and practice science communication. (Public Underst Sci.)
Khush GS. 1997. Origin, dispersal, cultivation and variation of rice. (Plant Mol Biol. Vol. 35).
Khush GS. 1997. Origin, dispersal, cultivation and variation of rice. (Plant Mol Biol. Vol.35).
Kumbhar SD, Kulwal PL, Patil J V., Sarawate CD, Gaikwad AP, Jadhav AS. 2015. Genetic diversity and population structure in landraces and improved rice varieties from India. (Rice Sci. Vol. 22 issue 3).
Kusumawati I, Kurniawan KO, Rullyansyah S, Prijo TA, Widyowati R, Ekowati J, Hestianah EP, Maat S, Matsunami K. 2018. Anti-aging properties of Curcuma heyneana Valeton & Zipj: A scientific approach to its use in Javanese tradition. (J Ethnopharmacol. Vol. 225 issue 28).
Ladle RJ, Correia RA, Do Y, Joo G-J, Malhado ACM, Proulx R, Roberge JM, Jepson P. 2016. Conservation culturomics. (Front Ecol Environ. Vol. 14 issue 5).
Leipe C, Kuramochi S, Wagner M, Tarasov PE. 2020. Ritual practices and social organisation at the Middle Yayoi culture settlement site of Maenakanishi, eastern Japan. (Archaeol Anthropol Sci. Vol. 12 issue 134).
Longkumer A. 2016. Rice-beer, purification and debates over religion and culture in Northeast India. (South Asia J South Asian Stud. Vol. 39 issue 2).
Lu J, Liu X, Cheng Y. 2019. Cultural proximity and genre proximity: How do Chinese viewers enjoy American and Korean TV dramas? (SAGE Open Vol. 9 no.1).
Łuczaj Ł, Wolanin M, Drobnik J, Kujawska M, Dumanowski J, Walker K, Tomczyk M. 2022. Dysphania schraderiana (Schult.) Mosyakin & Clemants –An overlooked medicinal and ritual plant used in Poland. (J Ethnopharmacol. Vol. 284 issue 10).
Mace, G. 2014. Whose conservation? Changes in the perception and goals of nature conservation require a solid scientific basis. (Science. Vol. 345, issue 6204).
Machlis, Gary E. 1992. The contribution of sociology to biodiversity research and management. (Biological Conservation. Vol. 62, issue 3).
Mahmad-Tohera A-S, Govenderb N, Dorairajc D, Wong M-Y. 2021. Comparative evaluation on calcium silicate and rice husk ash amendment for silicon-based fertilization of Malaysian rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. (J Plant Nutr. Vol. 45 issue 9).
Mantasa. 2019. Ramban - Foraging (Eng). Diakses pada 19 Agustus 2020 di https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80f6SIuKbNA.
Marak SR, Sharma D, Sarma H. 2021. Ethnic preparation of Chubitchi, an alcoholic beverage of the Garo tribe of Meghalaya: A sociocultural analysis. (J Ethn Foods Vol. 8 issue 29).
Mattos VS, Leite RR, Santos MFA, Gomes CB, Castagnone-Sereno P, Cares JE, Carneiro RMDG. 2021. Genetic diversity of Meloidogyne spp. from rice and identification of multiresistant sources in Oryza spp. accessions. (Plant Pathol. Vol. 70 issue 9).
McGregor SL. 2011. Transdisciplinary axiology: To be or not to be? Diakses pada 3 Februari 2020 di http://integralleadershipreview.com/3388-transdisciplinary-axiology-to-be-or-not-to-be/.
Mehta PS, Ojha SN, Negi KS, Verma SK, Rayal A, Tyagi RK. 2014. On-farm status of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genetic resources in Garhwal Himalaya of Uttarakhand, India. (Genet Resour Crop Evol. Vol. 61).
Michel JB, Kui Shen Y, Presser Aiden A, Veres A, Gray MK, Pickett JP, Hoiberg D, Clancy D, Norvig P, Orwant J, et al. 2011. Quantitative analysis of culture using millions of digitized books. (Science (80-). 331(6014).
Millard JW, Gregory RD, Jones KE, Freeman R. 2021. The species awareness index as a conservation culturomics metric for public biodiversity awareness. (Conserv Biol. Vol. 35 issue 2).
Mohapatra PK, Sahu BB. 2022. Panicle Architecture of Rice and its Relationship with Grain Filling. Switzerland; Springer.
Molina-Risco, Marco, Oneida Ibarra, Mayra Faion-Molina, Backki Kim, Endang M. Septiningsih, and Michael J. Thomson. 2021. Optimizing Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation and CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing in the tropical japonica Rice Variety Presidio. (International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22 issue 20).
Murphy KM. 2017. A quiet harvest: Linkage between ritual, seed selection and the historical use of the finger-bladed knife as a traditional plant breeding tool in Ifugao, Philippines. (J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. Vol. 13 issue 1).
Negi VS, Maikhuri RK. 2013. Socio-ecological and religious perspective of agrobiodiversity conservation: Issues, concern and priority for sustainable agriculture, central Himalaya. (J Agric Env Ethics. Vol. 26).
Nelson ARLE, Ravichandran K, Antony U. 2019. The impact of the Green Revolution on indigenous crops of India. (J Ethn Food. Vol. 6 issue 8).
Nespeca L de S, Paulino HF da S, da Silva TBV, Bona E, Leimann FV, Marques LLM, Cardoso FAR, Droval AA, Fuchs RHB. 2021. How does the replacement of rice flour with flours of higher nutritional quality impact the texture and sensory profile and acceptance of gluten-free chocolate cakes? (Food Sci Technol. Vol. 56 issue 4).
Nicolescu B. 2006. Transdisciplinarity - Past, present and future. In Haverkort B, Reijntjes C, editor. Moving Worldviews – Reshaping Sciences, Policies and Practices for Endogenous Sustainable Development. Compas ser. Leusden: ETC/Compas. hlm 142–166. Diakses 25 Desember 2021 di http://www.tercercongresomundialtransdisciplinariedad.mx/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Transdiscipl inarity-past-present-and-future.pdf.
Nicolescu B. 2010. Methodology of transdisciplinarity – Levels of reality, logic of the included middle and complexity. (Transdiscipl J Eng Sci. Vol. 1).
Nobele E. 1926. Memorie van Overgave betreffende de Onder Afdeeling Makale van de aftredenden Gezaghebber bij het Binnenlandsch-Bestuur. (Tijdschr van den K. Bataviaasch genoot voor Indische Taal-, Land-, en Volkenkd. 60).
O’Connor S. 2015. Rethinking the neolithic in island Southeast Asia, with particular reference to the archaeology of Timor‑Leste and Sulawesi (Repenser le néolithique en Asie du Sud-Est insulaire, avec une référence particulière à l’archéologie de Timor-Leste et de Sulawesi. (Archipel. Vol. 90).
Oguamanam, C. 2004. Localizing intellectual property in the globalization epoch: The integration of indigenous knowledge. (Indiana J Glob Leg Stud. Vol. 11 issue 2).
Opler ME, Hashima RS. 1946. The rice goddess and the fox in Japanese religion and folk practice. (Am Anthropol. Vol. 8 issue 1).
Pavelle S, Wilkinson C. 2020. Into the digital wild: Utilizing Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, and Facebook for effective science and environmental communication. (Front Commun. Vol. 5).
Paz V. 2005. Rock shelters, caves, and archaeobotany in island Southeast Asia. (Asian Perspect. Vol. 44 issue 1).
Perdue RT. 2021. Who needs the dark web? Exploring the trade in critically endangered plants on eBay. (Am J Crim Justice Vol. 46).
Platt SG, Thongsavath O, Outhanekone P, Rainwater TR. 2018. An ethnobotanical note on Nepenthes mirabilis in Lao PDR. (NAT HIST BULL SIAM SOC. Vol. 62 issue 2). Diakses pada 12 Desember 2021 di https://www.thaiscience.info/Journals/ Article/NHB/10989843.pdf.
Ramdayal M, Maat H, Andel T van. 2021. The legacy of traditional rice cultivation by descendants of Indian contract laborers in Suriname. (J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. Vol. 17 issue 60).
Ranteallo IC, Palinggi S, Alam M, Kolopaking LM, Lubis DP, Zuhud EAM, Andilolo IR, Nasution AH, Arifin MZ. 2021. Performing Toraja rice ritual, communicating biodiversity on YouTube: A study of conservation on rice landrace. (ETNOSIAJ Etnogr Indones. Vol. 6 issue 2).
Rousseau S, Deschacht N. 2020. Public awareness of nature and the environment during the COVID-19 Crisis. (Environ Resour Econ. Vol. 76 issue 4).
Roy S, Banerjee A, Pattanayak A, Roy SS, Rathi RS, Misra AK, Ngachan SV, Bansal KC. 2014. Chakhao (delicious) rice landraces (Oryza sativa L.) of North-east India: Collection, conservation and characterization of genetic diversity. (Plant Genet Resour. Vol. 12 issue 3).
Sandbrook C, Adams WM, Monteferri B. 2015. Digital games and biodiversity conservation. (Conserv Lett. Vol. 8 issue 2).
Saxena S, Singh AK. 2006. Revisit to definitions and need for inventorization or registration of landrace, folk, farmers’ and traditional varieties. (Curr Sci. Vol. 91 issue 11).
Schaal S, Schaal S, Lude A. 2015. Digital Geogames to foster local biodiversity. (Int J Transform Res. Vol. 3 issue 1).
Schlebusch CM, Lombard M, Soodyall H. 2013. MtDNA control region variation affirms diversity and deep sub-structure in populations from southern Africa. (BMC Evol Biol. Vol. 13 issue 56).
Schrauwers A. 2000. Colonial “Reformation” in the Highlands of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, 1892-1995. Toronto; University of Toronto Press.
Science & Orthodox Christianity. 2019. Basarab Nicolescu: Science et religion. Diakses pada 27 Oktober 2020 di https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W3r1bhcpRL4.
Sebastian, Leonard C., Emirza Adi Syailendra, and Keoni Indrabayu Marzuki. 2018. Civil-military relations in Indonesia after the reform period. (Asia policy Vol. 13, issue 3).
Setyaningsih CA, Behling H, Saad A, Shumilovskikh L, Sabiham S, Biagioni S. 2019. First palaeoecological evidence of buffalo husbandry and rice cultivation in the Kerinci Seblat National Park in Sumatra, Indonesia. (Veget Hist Archaeobot. Vol. 28).
Sharif MK, Butt MS, Anjum FM, Khan SH. 2014. Rice bran: A novel functional ingredient. (Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. Vol. 54 issue 6).
Sheravanichkul A. 2009. Pu Khwan Khao worship of Dehong Tai in Yunnan: Fertility and Buddhist felicity. (Contemp Buddhism An Interdiscip J. Vol. 10 issue 1).
Singanusong R, Mingyai S. 2019. Value creation and addition of rice and its significance to Thai culture. (J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. Vol. 65 issue S75–S79).
Sjahril R, A.R. T, Riadi M, Rafiuddin, Sato T, Toriyama K, Hayashi Y, Abe T. 2020. Selection of early maturing and high yielding mutants of Toraja local red rice grown from M2-M3 population after ion beam irradiation. (Hayati J Biosci. Vol. 27 issue 2).
Skorek M. 2021. Where nature and culture meld: the complexity of Arctic Indigenous language preservation from an integrated ecolinguistic perspective. (Stud Scand. Vol. 5 issue 25).
Soini K, Ovaska U, Kantanen J. 2012. Spaces of conservation of local breeds: The case of Yakutian cattle. (Sociol Ruralis. Vol. 52 issue 2).
Song Y, Wang C, Linderholm HW, Fu Y, Cai W, Xu J, Zhuang L, Wu M, Shi Y, Wang G, et al. 2022. The negative impact of increasing temperatures on rice fields in southern China. (Sci Total Environ. Vol. 820).
Spaeth BS. 1994. The goddess Ceres in the Ara Pacis Augustae and the Carthage relief. (Am J Archaeol. Vol. 98 issue 1).
Sukenti K, Hakim L, Indriyani S, Purwanto Y, Matthews PJ. 2012. Ethnobotanical study on local cuisine of the Sasak tribe in Lombok Island, Indonesia. (J Ethn Foods. Vol. 3 issue 3).
Sullivan M, Robinson S, Littnan C. 2019. Social media as a data resource for #monkseal conservation. (PLoS One Vol. 14 issue 10).
Sutrisno, IH, Suwardi AB, Navia ZI, Baihaqi, Fadhilah MA. 2021. Documentation of the traditional Alas food in Southeast Aceh District, Indonesia. (Biodiversitas Vol. 22 issue 8).
Teeken B, Nuijten E, Temudo MP, Okry F, Mokuwa A, Struik PC, Richards P. 2012. Maintaining or abandoning African rice: Lessons for understanding processes of seed innovation. (Hum Ecol. Vol. 40).
The Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit. 2005. Calendar and BP dates. Diakses pada 21 Desember 2021 di https://c14.arch.ox.ac.uk/oxcal3/math_ca.htm.
Tjahjadi RV. 1993. Nature and Farming: Biodynamic Agriculture and Communal Resources Adaptation Systems, Selected Cases in Indonesia. Jakarta; PAN Indonesia.
Toynbee A. 1972. The religious background of the present environmental crisis. (Int J Environ Stud. Vol. 3 issue 1–4).
Ubaydli A. 1993. The agrarian economy of Oman (132-280/749-893) in Arabic sources. (Journal Islam Stud. Vol. 4 issue 1).
van der Kroef J. 1952. Rice legends of Indonesia. (J Am Folk. Vol. 65 issue 255).
van der Wal R, Arts K. 2015. Digital conservation: An introduction. (Ambio. Vol. 44).
van Driem G. 2012. The ethnolinguistic identity of the domesticators of Asian rice. (Comptes Rendus-Palevol. Vol. 11 issue 2–3).
Vanna L. 2002. Rice remains in the prehistoric pottery tempers of the shell midden site of Samrong Sen: Implications for early rice cultivation in central Cambodia. (Aséanie Vol. 9).
Vaz AS, Moreno-Llorca RA, Gonçalves JF, Vicente JR, Méndez PF, Revilla E, Santamaria L, Bonet-García FJ, Honrado JP, Alcaraz-Segura D. 2020. Digital conservation in biosphere reserves: Earth observations, social media, and nature’s cultural contributions to people. (Conserv Lett. Vol. e12704).
Veltman MA, Flowers JM, Andel TR van, Schranz ME. 2019. Origins and geographic diversification of African rice (Oryza glaberrima). (PLoS One Vol. 14 issue 3).
Wahyudi HA. 2020. Cetak sejarah, citizen science Indonesia terbitkan Atlas Burung. Mongabay., siap terbit. Diakses pada 15 Juli 2021 di https://www.mongabay.co.id/2020/12/18/cetak-sejarah-citizen-science-indonesia-terbitkan-atlas-burung/. Gadjah Mada University Wildlife Laboratory.
Wahyuni S, Mulsanti IW, Satoto S. 2013. Produktivitas varietas padi di kelas benih berbeda. (Iptek Tanam Pangan Vol. 8 issue 2).
Wang Y, Wang Y, Sun X, Caiji Z, Yang J, Cui D, Cao G, Ma X, Han B, Xue D, et al. 2016. Influence of ethnic traditional cultures on genetic diversity of rice landraces under on-farm conservation in southwest China. (J Ethnobiol Ethnomedicine. Vol. 12 issue 51).
Wikramanayake TW. 2007. The beginnings of rice cultivation in Sri Lanka. (J R Asiat Soc Sri Lanka. Vol. 53).
Xu J, Badola R, Chettri N, Chaudary RP, Zomer R, Pokhrel B, Hussain SA, Pradhan S, Pradhan R. 2019. Sustaining biodiversity and ecosystem in the Hindu Kush Himalaya. In Wester P, Mishra A, Mukherji A, Shrestha AB, editor. The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment—Mountains, Climate Change, Sustainability and People. Switzerland, Cham; Springer Nature. hlm 127–165.
Yoo-In N. 2011. Persistence of the ritual of calling the Khwan of the rice goddess in Don Pho village, Tambon Chaina, Sena district, Ayutthaya province. (Manusya J Humanit. Vol. 14 issue 3).
Yunfei Z, Guoping S, Ling Q, Chunhai L, Xiaohong W, Xugao C. 2009. Rice fields and modes of rice cultivation between 5000 and 2500 BC in east China. (J Archaeol Sci.Vol. 36 issue 12).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.